LOS ANGELES CITY 
PUBLIC SCHOOLS 



] 



Manual of 

Cardboard 
Construction 




FOR. THIRD AND 
FOURTH GRADES 



Los Angeles City Public Schools 



MANUAL OF 

Cardboard Construftion 

FOR 

Third and Fourth Grades 
{Revised Edition) 




Copyrighted igo2 
By Charles A. Kunou 



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The author is not conscious of indebtedness to any books or 
authors in arranging the courses in this manual, except in that 
a man may be impressed, in a general way, by what he reads. 
The illustrations and drawings are just as good as he can 
make them. The work is not a modification of other systems 
used elsewhere. 

It is hereby dedicated to the children and teachers of the 
third and fourth grades of Los Angeles City Public Schools. 

CHARLES A. KUNOU. 

Los Angeles, Cal., March, 1902. 



INTRODUCTION 

This manual, prepared by Mr. Charles A. Kiinon, is the out- 
growth of practical experience in the school room, and is de- 
signed to assist teachers of the third and fourth grades, who 
have not had special preparation. The aim is to make the work 
as simple as possible, and to establish a correlation with other 
subjects, particularly arithmetic and geometry; and to this end 
the exercises are intended to assist the mental, as well as the 
moral growth. The progression is methodical, the exercises are 
simple, and the materials are not expensive. The work is in- 
tended to produce useful articles, which are the creative work of 
the child, instead of merely flat pieces of paper, with names at- 
tached. The using of paste is avoided as much as possible, and 
a system of "flaps" in combining surfaces is employed. 

Cardboard construction has a definite educational value, be- 
cause it stimulates the mental activities of the children. It calls 
into play brain energies which ordinary school systems do not 
devlop in these grades. It inculcates habits of originality, ac- 
curacy, observation and neatness. 

These courses prepare and lead to the more extensive work in 
the higher grades, in that they gradually train in definiteness 
of form and dimensions. They are planned to cover a period 
of two years, with two classes in a room, giving forty minutes 
i^ach week for ten months in the year. 

Printed by order of Board of Education. 

JAMES A. FOSHAY, 
Superintendent. 



General Directions 



The following- courses have been planned for the Third and 
Fourth grades. They are ft)ur consecutive courses to be applied 
in the B3, A3, B4 and A4 classes, respectively. Although ap- 
parently separate, their inner organic connection constitutes 
them one continuous course. 

The sequence ought not to be broken, because the work is 
built up on its inner elements, i. e., a mere external view of the 
course does not wholly convey a complete idea of what it con- 
tains. In other words, the models are built on exercises graded 
and arranged according to the nature and difficulty of per- 
formance. A distinction is made between a model and the exer- 
cises contained or united in the model. A model is one thing; 
an exercise is another, and a ditferent thing. A model is the 
unit of expression of the set of exercises united in it. An exer- 
cise is a mental and physical effort, as applied in the manipula- 
tion of tools and materials. Hence, the course is a systematic 
unit for the simultaneous mental and manual training of the 
children. 

Paper (cardboard- cover paper, bristolboard, tagboard, etc.) 
is a convenient medium of expression, because : 

1st. It encourages and trains in neatness and cleanliness. 

2nd. It requires and admits the use of few tools in its ex- 
tensive application. 

3rd. It engendei's artistic sense and taste by n^as.on of its 
easy application in the production of real and oi-nn mental arti- 
cles. 

4th. It is useful. 



B3 COURSE. 

The predominant geometric elements or motives are the 
square and the rectangle. These are studied and elaborated by 
indirect repetition, i. e., repetition on advanced and varied prob- 
lems ; going step by step from the easy to the difficult, from the 
simple to the complex, from the known to the unknown. This 
repetition is not apparent to, nor felt by the pupils, as each 
repetition involves new cognitions, new truths and new applica- 
tions of the original elements. In this course all measurements 
are limited to the discrimination of inches and half inches. 

The tools and materials used in B3 Course are lead pencil, 
ruler, right angled triangle, scissors, darning needle, linen floss 
or Columbia zephyr and paper. 

Eyelets and eyelet punch are used to a limited extent. 

A3 COURSE. 

This course is based and enlarged upon the geometric mo- 
tives, the circle and triangles, and as in the preceding course 
these constructions are repeated, and applied under new and 
varied circumstances, each step increasing in difficulty of per- 
formance and complexity of nature. 

In the A3 Course the same tools and materials are used as in 
the B3 Course, adding pencil-compasses and paper fasteners. 
Measurements are inches, half inches and quarter inches. 

Eyelets and eyelet punch are used to a limited extent. 

B4 COURSE. 

In this course the square and rectangle (oblong) are ap- 
plied in advanced work, and tools and materials are the same as 
in the preceding course. 

A4 COURSE. 

This course combines in its exercises many of the elements 
of the preceding courses and involves construction of polygons 
such as hexagons and octagons. In this course the same tools 
and materials are used as in the preceding courses, adding paste. 

Knives may be used in the latter part of the Fourth Grade, 
on supplementary work. No co-'ered work or so-called book 

5 



binding should be attempted as required class work. Some lit- 
tle surface pasting is done in attaching fancy paper to the out- 
side of some finished models. 

All measurements are limited to inches, half inches and 
quarter inches. 

In all work, teachers should observe and gather materials 
and suggestions for improvements of the course. Such sug- 
gestions should be in the line of simplification and concentra- 
tion. 

EXPLANATION. 

The drawings in this manual were made so that the figures 
for dimensions were to be read from the bottom and from the 
right hand side. The arrangement of the cuts compelled a 
change of position in many instances. 



Suggestions in Method of Teaching 

General Method. 

Always draw the outline common to the entire figure before 
spacing and drawing details of the inside. Whatever shape or 
form a figure may have, there is always some geometric motive 
and some regular outline defining and embodying it, so that 
where the inner details of a figure depend on the motives or out- 
lines of a circle, a square or a rectangle, these latter must be 
drawn first, pr(!ceeding from without, inward. 

Reduced to a principle, the method may be stated thus: — 
Consider the outline, divide into definite spaces to obtain propor- 
tions and synnnetry. 

This method may be called synthetico-analytical method. 

How to Teach. 

1st. Construct and develop accurately the whole model on 
the blackboard, dictating at the beginning every step in the 
geometric process. Do not expect the pupils to tliink out mathe- 
matical constructions. Few moi can construct a polygon unless 
shown how. 

2nd. Use model, explaining the relation of it to the draw- 
ing, and its parts. 

3rd. As the work progresses, dictation of specific steps is 
reduced to general statements. I'upils can copy from chart or 
blackboard drawing. 

41 h. In beginning the B3 Course, give a lesson or two in- 
volving the use of the triangle and ruler only. For example: 
On a piece of i)ractice paper draw lines 1" apart and i/'o" apart. 
Space 1" and V." and draw lines V\ li/.", 2", 21/2". 3", 3i/o", 
etc., so that the pupils understand how to discriminate between 
one inch and one half inch, and how to draw parallel lines. 
AVhen pupils are thus able to draw lines at given distances, par- 
allel and at right angles, the drawing is performed directly on 
the cardboard. 

In beginning the A3 Course pi'actice with compasses on "prac- 
tice i)aper" before applying directly on cardboard. 



5th. Where pupils have finished the pi^escribed work, en- 
courage original work. 

6th. In all manual school M^ork, the success is assured, or 
it is made impossible, by the foundations laid through the first 
lessons. Hold back instead of urging on. Resist the "what 
is next," the "I want to make the next model." Do not re- 
quire quantity, but demand quality, and obtain it by arousing 
the pupils from within; by evoking the will. This will, to do, 
to make, is the dawn of intelligence, the first steps of education. 

7th. Begarding the system of lines nsed in this manual. 
In writen language, words are made up of letters. So in Linear 
drawing the different lines are the letters, th*^ alphabet, by which 
the drawings are read. In teaching in the third and fourth 
grades, it is too early to attempt the application of different 
lines, by the children. The teacher should draw the figure on 
the blackboard in ordinary "full" lines, and frequently apply 
"dimension" lines. Lines to be scored should be filled in with 
colored crayon, red or blue. In this way the blackboard draw- 
ing will present sharp contrasts in the lines. Children should 
draw only ordinary lines, heavy and light. Remember that 
other advanced forms of manual work and mechanical drawing 
follow the work of the grades for which this course is designed. 

CUTTING. 

The pupils should be shown how to use the scissors properly 
and all should sit upright, using only the hands. Counteract 
the habit of twisting the mouth, inclining the head, projecting 
the tongue, etc. 

PASTING. 

In using paste or glue, pupils should supply themselves with 
small pieces of clean white cloth or soft paper, to smooth down 
fiaps, wipe the fingers, etc. 

FOLDING. 

Pupils should be taught to fold the paper in accordanct;> 
with an approved method. Use ruler upon the line, and fold 
upward and toward "you," with ruler as guide and rest. Re- 
move ruler, fold over and smooth down with fingers, then raise 
the paper to the angle required. 

8 



SCORING, 

Scoring is the process of making an impression on the fig- 
ure lines on the heavier papers, such as bristolboard. tagboard, 
or pulpboard. It shonld be done with some instrument not quite 
so sharp as a knife; for the paper must not be cut. 

The back edge of the scissors is, in these courses, the most 
convenient for pupils. Otherwise a bookbinder's paperf older is 
the best tool for hand scoring. Score only such paper whose 
thickness or folding quality recjuires scoring. Score on the 
lines and fold the figure in on the same side, except where using 
heavy bristol or pulp boards, and where edge binding is re- 
quired. 

TERMINOLOGY. 

In all work use geometric terminology, that is: apply the 
terms perpendicular, horizontal, vertical, oblique, circumfer- 
ence, radius, diameter, apex, base, etc. Use the (seconds) " in 
dimensions on drawings. Do not use the abbreviation "in." for 
inches. However, do not expect or attempt too much in this 
direction at the outset. As the pupils' w^ork progresses, and 
the terms are frequently applied, they become distinct and fully 
understood by the pupils. 



Original and Supplementary Work 

Reading is taught for the purpose of developing children, 
and so is arithmetic, writing and music. Children are not em- 
ployed, it is presumed, in these subjects "to see what can be done 
in these lines." Thus also, cardboard construction should be 
used as a means of formal education. In giving supple- 
mentary work, models Avhose elements are co- related to other 
school work, say geometry, should be encouraged. The simple 
solids, the cube, cone, and pyramid are here conveniently ap- 
plied. In all manual work in the public schools, the utilitai'ian 
side is, therefore, subordinated to the intellectual. 

System or organized effort nuist exist in the schools. Indi- 
vidualism is not subverted by systematic efforts on the part of 
all in the class. The faculties of individuals are developed by 

9 



doing: a definite thing at and i^i a definite time, and as re- 
quired. INIuch of so-called original work combines efforts Avhich 
are directed always in the channels offering least resistance, and 
when completed result either in weariness or false self-satisfac- 
tion. Original work should be encouraged only where ilupils 
have finished the prescribed work, so that it expresses their high- 
est efforts, making the original work a privilege. In such cases 
the work should be formed into problems to be solved. That 
is, the pupil suggests to the teachers "what"' he desires to make 
Then a drawing is made, and the model worked out as other 
exercises in the course. 



Materials and Tools Used ix These Courses 



Paper. 



NAME OF l-APEPt 


SIZE 


WEIGHT 


COLOR 


Cover Paper 
(Bordeaux 
Cover Wove 
Antique) 
Bristolboard 
(Clinton) 
Tagboard 


20x25 iuches 

22/2x28)4 inches 
22>4x28i4 inches 


60 lb. 
(500 sh.) 

120 lb. 
(500 sh.) 

140 lb. 
(500 sh.) 


f Terra Cotta 
Saphire 
Assorted <{ Olivene 

1 Jade 

l^Gold 
Assorted 
Manilla 



Dennison's Paper Fasteners. No. 22. round head. 

Eyelets and punch. 

Darning needles 3". 

Linen floss. 

Excelsior I'encil Compasses, No. 8999, Keuffel & Esser Co. 

Scissors 5". 

Triangles 30" 60°. 

Ruler, l)rass-bountl. 

Sandpaper. No. 1, for supplementary work only. 

Paste, Sanford's Library Paste, in 2 oz. bottles. 

10 



HOW TO CUT SANDPAPER. 

Sandpaper musl not be cut with scissors in the ordinary 
way. The small silicon particles will dull the edges of tlie 
scissors. Draw the fignre required on the back of the sand- 
paper, that is, on the smooth side. Then, using ruler— on 
straight lines— slide the scissors along it with the back side of 
the points in the lines to be cut out. It is not necessary to cut 
clear through so as to come in contact with the sand. Thus cut, 
the sandpaper parts or breaks easily. 



11 



System of Lines Used in Manual 

Line 1. Ordinary or fnll line, ontline, to be cut. 

Line 2. Dotted line, eonstrnction line, help line; to ob- 
tain fiynre, not to be scored. 

Line 3. Dashed line, to be scored, not cnt. 

Line 4. Dimension line, to indicate size of fio'nres and parts 
thereof. 

Pupils draw no dotted lines. 

Pupils should draw their figures in ordinary lines only. 



4 



12 



B3 COURSE 



B3 COURSE. 
No. 1. Square. 
Construction: 

With ruler draw AB. 3" long. 

AYitli triangle draw lines at right angles with A and B. 

Measure BC and AD, 3". 

With ruler draw DC parallel to AB. 

Test the angles with triangle. 

Cut with scissors. 

Drill carefully the elements or concepts of the square. 

Material: 

Tagboard or bristolboard. 




<3 



14 



B3 COURSE. 

No. 2. Visiting-card. Rectangle. 
Construction: 

With ruler draw line AB, 8I/I.". 

With triantiie draw lines AD and BC at right angles to A 

and B. 
Measure AD and BC, li.l>"- 
With ruler draw DC parallel to AB. 
Test angles with triangle. 
Cut card with scissors. 
Drill concepts of oblong (rectangle) contrasting with square. 

Materials 

Bristolboard. 




^*» 



15 



B3 COURSE. 
No. 3. Windmill, 
Construction: 

With ruler and triangle draw square 4" sides. 

Draw diagonals. Teach meaning of diagonals. 

Measure i/o" from center on each diagonal. 

Cut out square with scissors. 

Cut on each diagonal to the y^" mark, as in drawing. 

Roll right hand corner over and upward, as in sketch. 

Insert a pin through ends of wings and center of square. 
Materials: 

Coverpaper and pin. 

The windmill is one of the first devices to utilize the wind 
as a motive power. The earliest attempts were made in the 
eighth centurv. 




16 




17 



B3 COURSE. 
No. 4. Note book. 
Construction: 

Draw a rectangle 5"x3i4". 
Draw a line across in the middle. 
Cut out figure with scissors. 
Fold on middle line. 

On white "soft paper" draw rectangle for leaves 4l^"x3". 
Cut around and fold in middle. 

Sew the leaves on to the covers, using floss, taking two or 
three stitches as may be necessary. 

Materials: 

Bristolboard for covers, common soft paper for leaves. 




18 



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19 



B3 COURSE. 
No. 5. Visiting Card. 

(Rhombus.) 
Construction: 

Draw base line of desired length. 

Using the hypotenuse of a 60° triangle (or any angle) draw 

sides of rhombus equal to base line, measuring with ruler. 
Draw top line parallel to base line, using ruler. 
Cut out figure with scissors. 

Let pupils write their names in the middle of the cards. 
Teach elements of quadrilalteral parallelograms— that is, 

Rhombus has four equal sides, and two opposite angles 

equal. 
Contrast with square. 

Materials: 

Bristolboard. 




«^i,' 



20 



B3 COURSE. 
No. 6. Visiting card. 
(Rhomboid.) 
Construction: 

Draw base line of desired length. 

Using the hypotenuse of a 60° triangle, draw sides of rhom- 
boid of desired length, measuring with ruler. 
Draw top line with ruler and parallel to base line. 
Let pupils write their names in the middle of the cards. 
Teach elements of quadrilateral parallelograms, as in pre- 
ceding lesson. Contrast with rectangle and rhombus. 

Material: 

Bristolboard. 




3 



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21 



B3 COURSE. 
No. 7. Wallpocket. 
Construction: 

Draw a horizontal line 8" long. 

Draw a vertical line (at right angles) 8" long and in the 
middle of the horizontal line. 

Connect the ends of these lines, completing a square, stand- 
ing on its diagonal. 

AVith triangles draw lines x, x, 4" long at right angles to 
the horizontal diagonal. 

Draw the base line parallel to the horizontal diagonal and 
through the extremity of the vertical. 

Draw flap lines i/o" below base line. 

Make ends of flaps oblique as shown in drawing. 

Cut around figure on full lines. 

Score and fold on dashed lines. 

Lace front with floss as shown in sketch. 

Put in floss to hang model on, as indicated in drawing. 
Material: 

Tagboard. 




22 




23 



B3 COURSE. 
No. 8. Cardcase. 
Construction: 

Draw a rectangle 7i/^"x3y2". 

Draw lines across 1", 11/2" and 2l^" as in drawing. 

In the 1" space draw the tongue i/o" wide, by measuring 
1%" from each side of rectangle. 

Mark off ^ " on the corners of the 1 ' ' line, and draw oblique 
lines, as shown in drawing. 

Cut out figure with scissors. 

Locate slot S for the tongue after model is finished by mark- 
ing with points of pencil on each side of tongue. Fold 
model out again, and score between these points until the 
paper is cut through. 

Fold model. 

Score and fold on dashed lines. 

In cutting the slot, bore hole in the ends of the lines with a 
needle or other pointed instrument, before inserting the 
scissors. 

Material: 

Tagboard. 




24 



B3 COURSE. 
No. 9. Envelope. 
Construction: 

Draw a rectangle 4"x3". 

Find middle points x and with rnler, draw lines along and 

across the rectangle. 
With ruler extend lines A, A, A, A, i^" outside rectangle. 
Measure 2" on lines X, X, X, X, and connect with points 
A, A, A. A ; and at the ends of rectangle, as shown in 
drawing. 
Cut around figure on the full lines. 
Score on dashed lines and fold in on the lines. 
No pasting. 

Material: 

Cover paper. 




25 



A3 COURSE 



A3 COURSE. 
No. 1. Bookmark. 
Construction: 

Using compasses draw circle with ly^" radius. 

Draw diameter. 

Measure 1/2" on each side of center. 

With triangle draw lines AB, and CD, at right angles with 

the diameter. 
With scissors cut around circumference. 
Cut along lines BA, and DC, to diameter. 
Drill carefully concepts or elements of circle. 

Material: 

Bristolboard or tagboard. 




28 



A3 COURSE. 

No. 2. Triangular Keytag. 
Construction: 

With ruler draw line AB, 3" long. 

Using A and B as centers and AB as radius with compasses 

draw arcs to intersect above AB at C. 
AVith ruler draw lines AC and BC. 
Cut triangle with scissors. 
Measure 1" down from apex of triangle. 
Punch hole with punch. 
Attach thread or floss. 
Material: 

Tagboard. 



>./?.,-' 




29 



A3 COURSE. 
No. 3. Thread-winder. 
Construction: 

With compasses draw circle 1%" radius. 

Divide circumference into six equal parts. Radius "goes 

around circumference 6 times." 
Connect points, thus obtaining two equilateral triangles 

inscribed in a circle. 
Cut out figure with scissors. 

Material: 

Tagboard. 




30 



A3 COURSE. 

No. 4. Pen Wiper. 
Construction: 

On bristolboard draw circle 3" diameter. 

On blotting" paper— of different colors, if possible— draw 

three circles 3" diameter. On bristolboard draw a circle 

2 " diameter. 
Cut out circles with scissors. 
Fasten together pieces with one paper fastener inserted in 

center, placing the large circle of bristolboard at the 

bottom, the small circle of bristolboard at the top. 
Suggest that pupils may cut pieces of cloth of same size, 
at home, thus furnishing themselves with penwipers. 




31 



A3 COURSE. 
No. 5. Easel. 
(Isosceles triangle.) 
Construction: 

Draw base line SVo" long. 

With compasses draw arcs 1 and 2,— 41/j^" radius. 

Draw sides of triangle. 

Measure 1" from base line and draw line XX and place 

points 3 and 4, — i/o" from sides of triangle. 
Measure !/>" on base line and connect these points with 
points 3 and 4. 

Draw lines 3 and 4, perpendicular to base, using triangle. 
Cut out figure with scissors. 
Roll flap A forward and upward, making a "rest" to hold 

picture on as in sketch. 
For back supporter, draw and cut a piece of tagboard 
4i/2"xy2" and fasten the same with paper fasteners 1" 
from apex, as shown in drawing. 
Material: 

Tagboard. 




32 



A3 COURSE. 
No. 6. Circular Picture Frame. 
Construction: 

On bristolboard draw circle 4" diameter. 

Draw diameters, as in drawing. 

Place points 1" from center on each diameter and draw 

square as seen in drawing. 
Cut around circle, and in diagonals of square. 
Roll triangular pieces A. B. C. D. outward as in sketch. 
For back : 

On tagboard draw and cut a circle same size as first. 

On tagboard draw and cut piece 4i/4"xl" for supporter of 

frame. 
Fasten the three pieces together with floss at the top. 
Fasten back and front together at the bottom, as sbown 

in sketch. 
Material: 

Bristolboard and tagboard. 




34 




35 



A3 COURSE. 

No. 7. Calendar Mount. 

(Quatrefoil.) 
Construction: 

Draw a square 21/2" sides. 

From middle of the sides draw semicircles 1" radius. 
Cut out figure with scissors. 

Punch hole and press in eyelet as shown in drawing. 
Insert a piece of floss to hang the mount on. 
Children may be told to procure a small calendar, which 
can be obtained for from 2 to 5 cents in any bookstore. 
Fasten this on to the mount with floss or paste. 
Material: 

Tagboard or bristolboard. 




-'56 



A3 COURSE. 
No. 8. Wallpocket. 
Construction: 

Draw line A. B. 3", and on it with compasses construct 

equilateral triangles, above and below. 
On the sides of triangle C construct triangles D, E. 
At middle points of sides, draw perpendiculars 14". and 

draw slanting lines, as in drawing. 
Draw flap lines i/o" Ijelow triangles. 
Score and fold on dashed lines as in drawing. 
Punch hole and press in eyelet, 1" from apex. 
Lace front with floss as in sketch, and bend triangle top 

pieces outward as shown in sketch. 
Material: 

Taaboard or bristolboard. 




38 




39 



A3 COURSE. 
No. 9. Toothpickholder. 
Construction: 

Draw a line 2'' long and on it construct an equilateral tri- 
angle, apex down. 
On sides of triangle draw squares. 

Draw lines Vo" from top side, find middle and draw 
points as in drawing. Add flap lines 14" from outside 
of squares. 
Cut on full lines. Score and fold on dashed lines. Fold 

flaps outward and fasten with floss, as shown in sketch. 
Roll poinfs ovoi' pencil outward ms sliown in sketch. 
Material: 

Taulx-ard. 




40 




41 



B4 COURSE 



B4 COURSE. 
No, 1. Open Box. 
Construction: 

Draw a rectangle 7 ' 'x5 ' '. 

Draw lines 1" inside and parallel to sides of rectangle. 

Draw 1/4" flap lines in the corner squares. 

Produce the diagonal of corner squares and the same will 

cut flap lines obliquely as shown in drawing. 
Cut around figure on the full lines. 
Score on dashed lines. 

Fold sides of box inward, lines on outside. 
Fold flaps outward and fasten corner with floss as shown 
in sketch. 

Material: 

'i'aaborird. 




44 





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45 



B4 COURSE. 
No. 2. Oblong Basket. 
Construction: 

Draw rectangle 51/2 "x4". 

Draw lines inside, parallel to and 1" from sides of rectangle. 

Draw diagonals in corner squares. 

From the corners, measure i/>", as in drawing. 

Connect these points with oblique lines. 

From same points draw lines to corners of inside rectangle, 
as shown in the drawing. 

In middle of the long sides locate y^" lines for handle. 

Cut around figure on full lines and on diagonals of corner 
squares. 

In cutting the Vo" lines for handk\ bore a hole in the ends 
with a darning needle, compass or other pointed instru- 
ment, before cutting with scissors. 

Score and fold on dashed lines. 

For handle, draw and cut piece 9"xi/^", and cut slanting 
notches 1'' from each end, as shown in sketch. 

Fasten corners of basket with floss. Insert handle from 
around the outside of basket, as shown in sketch. 
Material: 

Tagboard. 




46 




47 



B4 COURSE. 
No. 3. ..Square Toothpickholder. 
Construction: 

Draw rectangie 6"x2". 

Divide into spaces of 1%". 

Draw line AB, %" from top side, and divide each space 

into two equal parts. 
Draw oblique lines for points. 
Add lines for flaps of i/4 " at ends of rectangle. 
On end line of second division draw square C, and add lines 

on two sides for standards of A VL'" ^s in sketch. 
Cut with scissors on full lines. 

NOTE. Take care not to cut loose the square C. Do not 
score or fold line AB, but after figure is put together, 
curve points over as in sketch. 
Lace flaps with floss, as shown in sketch. 
Curve standards or legs according to drawing, and do not 
score these lines. 
Material: 

Tagboard. 




48 




49 



B4 COURSE. 
No. 4. Pictureframe. 
Construction: 

Draw a rectangle 10 '"x3". 

Draw a line across in the middle. 

Draw a line across 1 ' ' from one end of rectangle. 

Draw lines at right angles to each other in middle of one of 

the divisions of figure as seen in drawing. 
Draw a square 2" diagonals on these lines as shown in 

drawing. 
Draw supporter A according to drawing. 
Cut around figure, and cut on diagonals of the square. 
Score on middle line and fold on it. 

Roll part B forward and upward as shown in sketch. 
Fasten sides of frame with floss or zephyr and bend sup- 
porter backward, as shown in sketch. 
Material : 

Bristolboard. 




50 




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51 



B4 COURSE. 

No. 5. Covered Box. 
Construction: 

Draw rectangle A. B. C. D. 10 "x3". 

Space and draw lines across at distances indicated in the 

drawing and extending lines 2, 7, and 3, 6, to form side of 

rectangle R. R. 
Draw flaps 1, 2; 3, 4; 5, 6; 7, 8 ; each 14" from the sides of 

the rectangles. 
Draw the tongue x, I/2" wide, measuring li/4" from each 

side of rectangle. 
Draw slot-line S, %" long and ^/o" from side as shown in 

drawing. 
Cut around figure on full lines. 
Score and fold on dashed lines, and split open line S, for 

the tongue. 
Fold sides of box so that scorings remain on outside. 
Fold flaps outward, and fasten corners of box with floss, as 

shown in sketch. 

Material: 

Tagboard. 




52 



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53 



B4 COURSE. 
No. 6. Pictureframe. 
Construction: 

For front piece draw rectangle ^''xS", on bristolboard. 

Draw inside rectangle 1" from sides. 

Draw diagonals. 

Cut around figure and on diagonals. 

Roll points forward and upward as in sketch. 

For back piece, make rectangle on tagboard same as front 

piece. 
Draw, cut, and bend back support 3 "xl " as shown in sketch. 
Fasten back piece to the front with eyelets. 
No scoring on this model. 




54 




55 



B4 COURSE. 
No. 7. Basket. 
Construction: 

Draw a square Ti/ij" sides. 

Draw lines across vertically and horizontally 2l^ ' ' apart. 

Place points A, 1" from inside lines as shown in drawing. 

Connect these points with oblique lines. 

On these oblique lines place points I/2" from points A. 

Draw lines to the opposite angles of the corner square. 

Locate %" lines for handle as in drawing. 

Cut out the figure with scissors, following the full lines. 

Cut hole for handle with small point of scissors. 

Score on dashed lines and fold the paper so that the scored 
lines come on the outside. 

Fold flap pieces outward as shown in sketch. 

Draw and cut handle 12"x-%" and insert as shown in 
sketch. 

Fasten with floss as in sketch or with eyelet in each corner. 
Material: 

Tagboard. 




56 




57 



A4 COURSE 



A4 COURSE. 
No. 1. Wallpocket. 
Construction: 

For back of model — 

Draw a rectangle 5"x4". 

Draw oblique lines in top corners 14" from the angles as 

indicated in drawing. 
Locate points for eyelets 1" from end and i/o" from top 

lines of rectangle. 
Cut around figure with scissors. 
For pocket — 
Draw a rectangle 8"x2" and draw lines 2" from ends and 

across rectangle. 
Draw diagonals as shown in drawing. 
Add flap lines to diagonals and to base line of the rectangle, 

as shown in drawing. 
Cut on full lines. 
Score on dashed lines. 
Fold and fasten pocket to back piece using eyelets, as 

shown in sketch. 
Punch holes and press in eyelets in back piece in points 

previously located. • 
Material: 

Tagboard. 





61 



A4 COURSE. 

No. 2. Matchsafe. 
Construction: 

For back of safe — 

Draw rectangle 4 ' 'x5i/2 ' '• 

Draw oblique lines in top corners, 1/2" from angle as in 

drawing. 
Locate holes in middle of top 1" apart and i/o" from top 

line. 
Cut ont figure with scissors. 
Punch holes and press in eyelets as in sketch. 
For box of safe— 
Draw rectangle l"x7". 
Draw lines across V2" fi'om each end. 
Draw lines AB and CD, 2" from each end of rectangle and 

extending 2i'2" as in sketch, then connect B and D. 
Divide into definite spaces to obtain proportions for bottom 

and flap of box, according to drawing. 
Cut with scissors, score- and fold figure. 
Fasten box to back with floss, eyelets or fasteners. 
Material: 

Tagboard. 





62 




63 



A4 COURSE. 

No. 3. Tray. 
Construction: 

Draw a square 5" sides. Draw another square 3" sides by 
measuring 1" from each side of first figure. 

Place points I/2" from each side of outside square and draw 
oblique lines to angles of inside square as shown in 
drawing. 

Draw triangles A, B, C, D, %" altitude. Note points of 
connection. 

Cut out figure following the full outline. 

Score on dashed lines in the corners and on the lines of 
inner square. 

Fold sides upward and apply paste on under side of tri- 
angular flaps 1, 2, 3, 4, and fasten same on inside of tray. 

Bend triangles A. B. C. D. out and downward as in sketch. 

Punch holes with punch. 

Material: 

Tagboard. 




64 




65 



A4 COURSE. 

No. 4. Cornucopia. 
Construction: 

With ruler draw line, AB, 9" long. 

With triangle draw line CD, 4" long and at right angles to 

and 3" from end of line AB. 
Connect C and D with B. 
With compasses draw arc through C and D with B as center, 

and B D or C D as radius. 
On the arc set off distance equal to C D. 
Draw F B and E B. 
Draw A C and A D. 
On A, C and A, D draw semicircles 1 and 2, with V2" radius 

and 1" from C and D. 
Draw lines 3 and 4 for flaps I/2" wide. 
Cut around figure with scissors on the full lines. 
Score on dashed lines. 
Fold figure inward on lines. 
Fold flaps outward. 
Sew flaps in front of pocket ((Linen Floss" or "Columbia 

Zephyr") double overcasting or lacing. 
Punch hole in top, 1" from apex, and press in eyelet with 

punch. 
Material: 

Ta aboard. 



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66 




67 



A4 COURSE. 
No. 5. Hexagonal Toothpickholder. 
Construction: 

Draw a rectangle ()"x2". 

Divide into six ec(ual spaces, drawini«- lines across. 

Draw line A, 14" from top of rectangle, and draw points as 

shown in drawing. 
Draw line, B, ^4" below figure, obtaining tlap lines for 

bottom. 
Draw 14" tlap line at the end. 
On the base line of one division in rectangle draw arcs 1 and 

2 — radius equal to line. 
From the center thus obtained and with same radius draw 

a circle and on the circumference set ott' spaces for 

hexagon. 
Cut out figure on full lines. Do not cut off the l)ollom from 

the line. 
Score and fold on dashinl lines. 
Paste the model with flaps inside. 
Draw and cut a circular piece and attach for base, as 

shown in sketch. 
Material: ^ 

Tagboard or bristolboard. ■" 




68 



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69 



A4 COURSE. 
No. 6. Basket. 
Construction: 

Draw two concentric circles 1%" an^^ 3" radius respectively. 
Construct and draw the sides of the hexagon in smaller 

circle. 
Place ruler across two opposite angles, as shown by line AA, 
to obtain points on circumference of the larger circle, 
dividing it into six equal parts. 
Measure i/4" on each side of these points and draw lines 

XX, to corresponding angles of hexagon. 
Complete the figure by drawing the lines Z. 
Cut on full lines, score on dashed lines and fold. 
Fasten flaps with paste on inside of basket. 
Make the handle i/>" wide and paste it to the inside of 
basket. 
Material: 

Tagboard. 




70 




71 



A4 COURSE. 
No. 7. Bank. 

(Cube.) 
Construction: 

Draw reetantilo A B. 9"x2V2", fin<l divide into four equal 

parts. 
Draw the squares C, D. Draw Hap lines i/G" as shown in 

drawing. 
Cut on full black lines. 
Score and fold on dashed lines. 
In one square draw and cut the opening X. 
Fasten with paste, placing flaps on inside. 

Cut pieces of fancy paper and attach to surfaces as shown 

in sketch. 
Teach concepts of cube — surfaces, edg(^s. and solid angles. 

Material: 

Tagboard and fancy paper. 




72 



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Matchsafe. 
Draw and cut figure according to drawing. No paste is 
used on the model, except to fasten piece of sandpaper on 
front. The pocket piece is inserted and flaps folded over 
to one side of back of frontpiece and thus k)cking them- 
selves, they keep the model together. 




INDEX 

PAGE. 

Cutting 8 

Folding 8 

General directions 4-5-6 

How to cut sandpaper 11 

Introduction 3 

Materials and tools 10 

Original and supplementary work 9 

Pasting 8 

Preface 2 

Suggestions in method of teaching 7 

Scoring 9 

System of lines 12 

Terminology 9 

B3 Course 13-^5 

No. I — Square card 14 

No. 2 — Visiting card (Rectangle) 15 

No. 3— Windmill 16-17 

No. -4— Notebook 18-19 

No. 5— Visiting card (Rhombus) 20 

No. 6 — Visiting card (Rhomboid) 21 

No. 7— Wallpocket 22-23 

No. 8-Cardcase 24 

No. 9 — Envelope 25 

A3 Course 27-41 

No. I — Circular bookmark 28 

No. 2 — Triangular keytag 29 

No. 3 — Threadwinder 3° 

No. 4 — Circular penwiper 3^ 

No. 5 — Easel (Isosceles triangle) 32-33 

No. 6— Circular picture frame 34-35 

No. 7 - Calendarmount (quarterfoil) 36 

No. 8— Wallpocket • 38-39 

No 9 Triangular toothpickholder 40-41 



ONE COPY RECEIVED 



B4 Course 43 

No. I — Open box... 44-45 

No. 2 — Oblong basket 46-47 

No. 3 — Square toothpickholder 48-49 

No. 4 — Picture frame 50-51 

No. 5 — Covered box 52-53 

No. 6 — Picture frame 54-55 

No. 7 — Square basket 56-57 

A4 Course 59 

No. I — Wallpocket 6o-6t 

No. 2 — Matchaafe 62-63 

No. 3 — Tray 64-65 

No. 4 — Cornucopia 66-67 

No. 5 — Toothpickholder (hexagonal) 68-69 

No. 6 — Baskel (hexagonal) 70-71 

No. 7 — Bank (cube) 72-73 

Supplementary model (matchsafe) 74 



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